随意退保易遭损失 两年内退保最不合算

　　文 本刊记者 郭娴洁

　　“无条件退货”，在商界已不是什么新鲜事了。但是，这句话之于保险，却是万万不可能的。友邦保险公司的保险专家建议投保者不要轻易退保。“退保是非常不合算的，是山穷水尽的选择。”
　　退还的只是“现金价值”

　　可是，退保究竟能退到多少钱？看一看保单中的现金价值表便可知了。通常，投保后各年度的现金价值就是保户在投保以后各年度所能退得的保费。“现金价值”往往小于保险人缴纳的保险费，以吴佳事例中的B公司重疾险和C公司的重疾险为例，在相当长的时间里，“现金价值”

　　远小于保费支出总额(见表2)。

　　表2:重大疾病险的现金价值一览表单位:元

TTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>

TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 保单年度	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> B公司保费支出	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> B公司现金价值	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> C公司保费支出	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> C公司现金价值
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 1	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 2950	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 440	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 4356	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 208
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 2	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 5900	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 1630	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 8452	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 1912
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 3	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 8850	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 2870	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 12548	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 4408
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 4	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 11800	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 4550	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 16644	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 7392
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 8	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 23600	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 12340	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 33028	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 20912
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 18	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 53100	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 37490	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 61700 (第15年缴清)	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 55736
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 24	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 70800	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 65770	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 61700	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 62120
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 38	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 88500 (30年缴清)	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108>   79340	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 61700	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 71272(最高)
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 48	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 88500	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 86880	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84> 61700	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96> 61424
TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 61.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=82> 51	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=86> 88500	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=108> 88750	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=84>	TTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width=96>

　　那么，现金价值是怎么产生的?以重大疾病险为例，由于缴费期一般比较长，被保险人年纪越大，患上重大疾病和死亡可能性越高，保险费率最终会接近100%，但这时的保险已经失去意义。为此，保险公司采用“均衡保费”的办法，有些类似房贷的等额本息，将投保人需要缴纳的全部保费在整个缴费期内均摊，使投保人每期缴纳的保费都相同。

　　被保险人年轻时，死亡概率低，投保人缴纳的保费比实际需要的多，多缴的保费将由保险公司逐年积累；被保险人年老时，死亡概率高，投保人当期缴纳的保费不足以支付当期赔款，不足的部分将由被保险人年轻时多缴的保费来弥补。这部分多缴的保费连同产生的利息，每年滚存累积起来，就是保单的现金价值。

　　两年之内退保最不合算

　　看到这儿，也许很多人会更不明白，既然保险公司采用了“均衡保费”的办法，投保人年轻时缴纳的保费比实际需要的多，多缴的保费由保险公司逐年积累，而为什么投保时间越短，现金价值的折扣率越大?

　　据介绍，个人长期险的保费由纯保费和附加保费两部分组成。其中纯保费用于承担保险责任(合同中约定的死亡、伤残、满期生存、年金等的给付)；附加保费用于保险公司的各项开支。附加保费又分为保险公司管理费、寿险营销员佣金、人员报酬、培训、体检、核保、出具保险单、交通通讯、税收等等。投保人一旦要退保，保险公司必需从保费中扣除各种手续费。

　　对于如此名目繁多的手续费，保监会并没有明确规定具体的收费标准，而是由各家保险公司自己制定。因此，不同保险公司的同类产品以及同一家保险公司不同险种的费用都会不尽相同。

　　但有一个大致的规律，即在每一保单年度，不同公司、不同产品的各种手续费占当年保费的比例呈逐年下降的趋势。通常，第一个保单年度里，手续费占当年保费的比例最大；以后从第2个保单年度到第5个保单年度，手续费比例递减；在第5个保单年度之后，则维持在一个较低的固定水平。比如某重大疾病险缴费期为20年，每年缴纳保费5000元，那么第一个保单年度手续费可能占年保费60%，而第2、3、4个保单年度可能分别只占当年保费40%、25%、15%，以后各保单年度则仅占8%。

　　由此可见，在重大疾病险保单生效的第一年或者第二年退保，所扣除的各项费用庞大，不是一种明智的选择。以吴佳投保的B公司重大疾病险为例，第一年和第二年退保的话，扣除的手续费要分别高达85%和71.4%。

　　因此，退保一定要三思而后行，不到“山穷水尽”不要轻言退保。